Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Karl Marx Biography And Synopsis Of Views Essays - Karl Marx
Karl Marx Biography and Synopsis of Views Karl Marx Biography and Synopsis of Views Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia, now, Germany. He was one of seven children of Jewish Parents. His father was fairly liberal, taking part in demonstrations for a constitution for Prussia and reading such authors as Voltaire and Kant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German at heart, not even learning to speak the language properly. Shortly before Karl Marx was born, his father converted the family to the Evangelical Established Church, Karl being baptized at the age of six. Marx attended high school in his hometown (1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion of harboring liberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with a "longing for self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity." In October of 1835, he started attendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling in non-socialistic-related classes like Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. During this time, he spent a day in jail for being"drunk and disorderly-the only imprisonment he suffered" in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included, as a major part, being politically rebellious and Marx was involved, presiding over the Tavern Club and joining a club for poets that included some politically active students. However, he left Bonn after a year and enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law and philosophy. The Hegelian doctrines exerted considerable pressure in the "revolutionary student culture" that Marx was immersed in, however, and Marx eventually joined a society called the Doctor Club, involved mainly in the "new literary and philosophical movement" who's chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology who thought that the Gospels were not a record of History but that they came from "human fantasies arising from man's emotional needs" and he also hypothesized that Jesus had not existed as a person. Bauer was later dismissed from his position by the Prussian government. By 1841, Marx's studies were lacking and, at the suggestion of a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertation to the university at Jena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, he got in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesis "analyzed in a Hegelian fashion the difference between the natural philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus" uses his knowledge of mythology and the myth of Prometheus in his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became the editor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials on socio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he found that his "Hegelian philosophy was of little use" and he separated himself from his young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to make up their "social activity." Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almost became the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian government suspended it because of "pressures from the government of Russia." So, Marx went to Paris to study "French Communism." In June of 1843, he was married to Jenny Von Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older than Marx, who came from a prestigious family of both military and administrative distinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family were opposed to the marriage, Jenny's father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx became acquainted with the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thought that the ideas of the workmen were "utterly crude and unintelligent," he admired their camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled "Toward the Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right" from which comes the famous quote that religion is the "opium of the people." Once again, the Prussian government interfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. He left for Brussels, Belgium, and, in 1845, renounced his Prussian nationality. During the next two years in Brussels, the lifelong collaboration with Engels deepened further. He and Marx, sharing the same views, pooled their "intellectual resources" and published The Holy Family, a criticism of the Hegelian idealism of Bruno Bauer. In their next work, they demonstrated their materialistic conception of history but the book found no publisher and "remained unknown during its author's lifetimes." It is during his years in Brussels that Marx really developed his views and established his "intellectual standing." From December of 1847 to January of 1848, Engels and Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto, a document outlining 10 immediate measures towards Communism, "ranging from a progressive income tax and the abolition of inheritances to free education for all children." When the Revolution erupted in Europe
Friday, March 20, 2020
Free Essays on Monkeys Paw
The Monkeys Paw ‘The Monkeys Paw’ is a story based on the fairy tale idea of a man who has three wishes. It is based on very ordinary characters living in a very ordinary house in a mundane setting. In this story there are four main characters. We are not given much description of them, they are pretty ordinary. Mr and Mrs White live in a small house together with their son Herbert. The fourth character is ‘Sergeant Major Morris’, the only detail we find out about him is that he likes a bit of a drink. The tale is about a sergeant major that bought a monkey’s paw in whilst on travelling. It is rumoured that the paw is magical and could grant three men three separate wishes. The sergeant major incites for its incineration but Mr White would not let such an item burn. After being warned of its horrible outcome Mr White still uses it. His 1st wish was for just  £200, not thinking of how he might gain that money. There is great description of Mr + Mrs White’s reaction as they find out of there sons death. But even more when they hear the compensation is identical of that wished. †Two†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ hundred†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pounds†The 2nd wish was made out of Grief, from greed to grief. Wishing of their son back. Yet again not thinking of how he might look after being mashed in a machine. The 3rd wish was made mainly because of Mrs White. As she was the one who wanted their son back the most. There is dramatic suspense as Mr White strikes a match and lights the candle. Suddenly hearing knocking on the door, growing louder and louder. Mrs White tries un-bolting the door frantically. Whilst Mr White is trying to wish for there son to return to his grave. But then just silence†¦ The writer builds a lot of horror and suspense in ‘The Monkeys Paw’ making you want to read on. Their once was a saying; â€Å"Be careful what you wish for, you might just get it.†Which ‘The Monkeys Paw’ is a good example.... Free Essays on Monkeys Paw Free Essays on Monkeys Paw The Monkeys Paw ‘The Monkeys Paw’ is a story based on the fairy tale idea of a man who has three wishes. It is based on very ordinary characters living in a very ordinary house in a mundane setting. In this story there are four main characters. We are not given much description of them, they are pretty ordinary. Mr and Mrs White live in a small house together with their son Herbert. The fourth character is ‘Sergeant Major Morris’, the only detail we find out about him is that he likes a bit of a drink. The tale is about a sergeant major that bought a monkey’s paw in whilst on travelling. It is rumoured that the paw is magical and could grant three men three separate wishes. The sergeant major incites for its incineration but Mr White would not let such an item burn. After being warned of its horrible outcome Mr White still uses it. His 1st wish was for just  £200, not thinking of how he might gain that money. There is great description of Mr + Mrs White’s reaction as they find out of there sons death. But even more when they hear the compensation is identical of that wished. †Two†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ hundred†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pounds†The 2nd wish was made out of Grief, from greed to grief. Wishing of their son back. Yet again not thinking of how he might look after being mashed in a machine. The 3rd wish was made mainly because of Mrs White. As she was the one who wanted their son back the most. There is dramatic suspense as Mr White strikes a match and lights the candle. Suddenly hearing knocking on the door, growing louder and louder. Mrs White tries un-bolting the door frantically. Whilst Mr White is trying to wish for there son to return to his grave. But then just silence†¦ The writer builds a lot of horror and suspense in ‘The Monkeys Paw’ making you want to read on. Their once was a saying; â€Å"Be careful what you wish for, you might just get it.†Which ‘The Monkeys Paw’ is a good example....
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Shiwasu - December
Shiwasu - December It is already December. Time flies, doesnt it? The Japanese word for December is juuni-gatsu, which literally means, twelfth month. Each month has an older Japanese name, and December is called shiwasu (Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¨ µ °). The old names are not commonly used today, but shiwasu is the one that you would hear more often than the others. It is written with kanji characters for master, teacher and to run. There are several theories for the origin of the name, shiwasu. One of them is that December is so busy that even a priest has to pray on the run. Japanese Translation Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¨ µ ° 㠄㠤㠮éâ€"“㠫㠋〠も㠆æÅ"ˆã€‚時㠮㠟㠤㠮㠯æâ€" ©Ã£ „㠧ã ™ã 。æÅ"ˆã ¯Ã¦â€"‡å â€"通りã€ ç• ªÃ§â€º ®Ã£ ®Ã¦Å"ˆã ¨Ã£ „ã †æ„ å‘ ³Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã€‚é™ °Ã¦Å¡ ¦Ã£ §Ã£ ¯Ã£â‚¬ æÅ"ˆã ¯Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¨ µ °Ã£ ¨Ã£ „㠄㠾ã ™ã€‚é™ °Ã¦Å¡ ¦Ã£ ®Ã¦Å"ˆã ®Ã¥â€˜ ¼Ã£ ³Ã¥ 㠯ã€ ç ¾Ã¥Å" ¨Ã£ §Ã£ ¯Ã£ ‚ã ¾Ã£â€šÅ ä ½ ¿Ã£â€š ã‚Å'㠾㠛んã Å'〠å ¸ «Ã¨ µ °Ã£ ¯Ã£ 㠮ä ¸ 㠧ã‚‚ã‚ り㠨よã è€ ³Ã£ «Ã£ ™ã‚‹è ¨â‚¬Ã¨â€˜â€°Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã€‚å…ˆçâ€Å¸Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥Æ' §Ã¤ ¾ ¶Ã£ ®Ã¦â€ž å‘ ³Ã£ §Ã£ ‚ã‚‹å ¸ «Ã£ ¨Ã¨ µ °Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ ¨Ã£ „ã †æ ¼ ¢Ã¥ â€"㠧æ› ¸Ã£ ‹ã‚Å'㠾ã ™ã€‚å ¸ «Ã¨ µ °Ã£ ®Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã¦ º 㠫㠤ã „㠦㠯〠㠄ã 㠤㠋㠮ã „ã‚ ã‚Å'ã Å'à £ ‚り㠾ã ™ã€‚ã Šç µÅ'ã‚’ã ‚ã ’ã‚‹ã Ÿã‚ ã€ ã Šå Šã •ã‚“ã Å'㠂㠡ã “㠡㠮å ® ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¿â„¢Ã£ â€"ã è µ °Ã£â€šÅ 回る㠋ら㠨ã „㠆㠮ã Å'ã€ ä ¸â‚¬Ã¨Ë† ¬Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£ ªÃ¨ ª ¬Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã€‚å ¿â„¢Ã£ â€"ã „時æÅ"Ÿã §Ã£ ¯Ã£ ‚り㠾ã ™ã Å'ã€ å‘ ¨Ã£â€šÅ 㠫ã ݋ ‹ã •ã‚Å'る㠓㠨㠪ã ã€ ç‰ ©Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£ «Ã£â€šâ€ 㠣ã ã‚Šå â€"ã‚Šç µâ€žÃ£â€š るよ㠆㠫å ¿Æ'ã Å'㠑㠟㠄㠧㠙。 Romaji Translation Itsunomanika, mou juuni-gatsu. Toki no tatsu nowa hayai desu ne. Juuni-gatsu wa moji doori, juuni ban me no tsuki to iu imi desu. Inreki dewa, juuni-gatsu wa shiwasu to iimasu. Inreki no tsuki no yobina wa, genzai dewa amari tsukawaremasen ga, shiwasu wa sono naka demo warito yoku mimi ni suru kotoba desu. Sensei, souryo no imi de aru shi to hashiru to iu kanji de shiwasu to yomimasu. Shiwasu no gogen ni tsuitewa, ikutsukano iware ga arimasu. Juuni-gatsu wa isogashii node, obousan de sae, okyou o ageru tameni achikochi no ie o isogashiku hashirimawaru kara, to iu no ga ippanteki na setsu desu. Isogashii jiki dewa arimasu ga, mawari ni sekasareru koto naku, monogoto ni yukkuri torikumu youni shitai mono desu. Note: The translation is not always literal. Beginners Phrases Time flies, doesnt it? Toki no tatsu no wa hayai desu ne.㠨ã ã ® 㠟㠤㠮ã ¯ 㠯ã‚„ã „㠧ã ™ã 。時㠮㠟㠤㠮㠯æâ€" ©Ã£ „㠧ã ™ã 。
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Critical Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Critical Reflection - Essay Example This proved to be the magic bullet, as the woman was not readmitted to the hospital, and gradually got better as her med compliance helped her overcome her acute mania symptoms and consistent outpatient therapy alleviated these symptoms as well. I was called to meet with a 33-year-old woman, who had a young son, in a psychiatric facility as a part of the crisis response team attending to this womans case. The woman has bi-polar disorder and was in acute mania. She had crashed her car, then was taken away by police escort to the psychiatric facility because her estranged husband had called the police after her accident, having recognized the signs of acute mania in this woman. At the time she was admitted to the hospital she was incoherent and did not know where she was or why she was there. She had no recollection of the accident, and, if asked if she felt that she was a danger to herself or others, she had ranted that she wished that she were dead, and she was afraid that she had killed her son, even though the son was not in the car at the time of the accident. The woman had been hospitalized five times before for acute mania. I was assigned to her case as a part of the team that was in charge of helping her assimilate into the outside world from the hospital. The first time that she was in the hospital, everything went relatively smoothly upon discharge, although I had some concerns because the woman was not 100% even then. However, the woman had stabilized, with the help of the medication that she was provided in the hospital. The woman had a place to stay at a friends house. I had a meeting with the friend to make sure that it was a healthy environment for this woman, and found the friend stable, intelligent and patient. The friend was willing to let this woman stay at her house until she stabilized completely and
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Family Law and the various areas that are involved in the legal Essay
Family Law and the various areas that are involved in the legal processes - Essay Example Another very detrimental part of this research is in the concept of domestic violence and how it is perceived in society. This is an issue that often goes unreported and therefore many cases are left with unanswered questions as to how and why it happens. The laws surrounding it are also included in this research. The main goal is to provide more insight into what laws are set up to assist families and protect their rights in various situations. Also, what new reforms are taking place and how they are being implemented and carried out to improve the quality of life for families The Family Law Act that was approved and passed in 1996 radically changed the way a lot of legal issues involving family related areas were previously handled. It has had a tremendous impact on specific views of divorce proceedings, consultations for marital breakdowns, the welfare of children, marriages that are of the same sex; and a mass variety of other family related areas. ... king a divorce are especially affected by the new legislation as instead of granting a quick divorce to a couple, the legalities have become stricter and now function in a slow and systematic process to allow for time to consider the well being of the children involved and the effect the divorce proceeding might have on both parties with consideration to finances and living accommodations. Now, more than ever before within the UK, marriage is being considered as a top priority. This specific area that unites a family is considered to be deserving of extra attention and efforts to maintain it and keep it from becoming a problem that disintegrates and deteriorates the whole family structure. Therefore, a good variety of legal implementations are being made in the family courts that have already been introduced to persuade couples from divorcing but rather seek counsel and evaluate their relationships thoroughly before opting to dissolve of them altogether. Marriage is a highly valued principle of life so there are certain steps that have to be taken before a petition for divorce will even be looked upon by the court system and achieve any form of consideration. Some of these phases of the family legal process have been placed in the following outline: The institute of marriage should be supported more so than divorce Any and all applicable steps to save the marriage should be utilized by the couple whether it be marriage counseling or by alternative means such as living apart for a specified period of time If the marriage is found to be unsalvageable it should be absolved with the least amount of stress possible to both parties and with respect for the children's welfare Consideration should be given to the children's needs and wants as well as their rights entitle
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Portrayal Of Lucy Westenra And Mina Murray English Literature Essay
Portrayal Of Lucy Westenra And Mina Murray English Literature Essay Dracula, the 1897 novel by Bram Stoker, is a tale composed against a background of social concerns and anxieties of Victorian England in a rapidly changing world. One of the most important upheavals in this time of turmoil concerned feminism and the role of women in Victorian society, with the terrifying spectre of the  ¿Ã‚ ½New Woman ¿Ã‚ ½ solidifying rapidly into a real threat. In Victorian England, gender roles were distinct, with women being expected to confine themselves to the domestic realm and become  ¿Ã‚ ½the Angel in the House, ¿Ã‚ ½ responsible for setting a moral example for her children and being of complete service to her husband. In examining how the female characters  ¿Ã‚ ½ Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray/Harker  ¿Ã‚ ½ are dealt with in Dracula, a greater insight will be gained into the degree of transformation undertaken by the women from a Victorian woman to a New Woman in the face of Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s seductive power. Lucy Westenra is initially depicted as innocent, beautiful, and virtuous ¿Ã‚ ½not at all the sexual suspect or foreigner that would seem to indicate a susceptibility to vampirism. Despite this appearance of her character, however, the behaviour of Lucy, even before she succumbed to vampirism, would have been questionable to a Victorian audience. Most notably, she takes a sort of gloating pleasure in having been proposed to three times in one day (Stoker 86). Even more disturbing to a Victorian reader, Lucy muses,  ¿Ã‚ ½Why can ¿Ã‚ ½t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her ¿Ã‚ ½? ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 90). Although she immediately dismisses the idea as blasphemy, the reader gets the sense that she was serious. This reluctance to confine herself to one man is not her only sign of questionable sexuality. Lucy sleepwalks,  ¿Ã‚ ½a habit traditionally associated with sexual looseness ¿Ã‚ ½ in Victorian England (Spencer 210). Despite Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s seeming virtue, there are indications that her sexuality is on the verge of asserting its appetites throughout the early portions of the novel. This blooming sexuality is what makes her susceptible to vampiric attack. As Lucy succumbs to Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s advances, she comes to resemble the vampire women encountered by Harker. Her sexuality becomes more blatant as her vampirism progresses. When she is dying, she speaks to Arthur in a  ¿Ã‚ ½soft, voluptuous voice, ¿Ã‚ ½ a phrase which recalls the voluptuousness of the three female vampires in Castle Dracula (Stoker 237). Her initiation into the vampire group becomes complete when Van Helsing notes that the two bite marks on her neck have completely disappeared (Stoker 235). Later, Stoker describes vampiric Lucy as moving with a  ¿Ã‚ ½voluptuous grace ¿Ã‚ ½ and having a  ¿Ã‚ ½wanton smile ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 310). She has become the aggressive female through contact with Dracula. Lucy is now fully endowed with masculine appetites and, like the fanged women Harker encountered, she is acting as a dominant presence over males. She has become monstrous and unnatural, which is in keeping with the Victorian idea of  ¿Ã‚ ½the sexualization of woman as deformation ¿Ã‚ ½ (Craft 120). This unnaturalness is also emphatically underscored by her rejection of the mother role typically associated with women during this time period. Instead of nursing the child  ¿Ã‚ ½clutched strenuously to her breast, ¿Ã‚ ½ she feeds from it, slowly killing it (Stoker 310). Dracula is to blame for Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s metamorphosis into a monstrosity,  ¿Ã‚ ½for he is the ultimate social adulterer, whose purpose is nothing if it is not to turn good Englishwomen like Lucyaway from their own kind and customs ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stevenson 140). However horrifying Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s transformation might have been to a Victorian audience, Mina Harker ¿Ã‚ ½s aborted metamorphosis would have been even more horrible. As Van Helsing says,  ¿Ã‚ ½she is one of God ¿Ã‚ ½s women, fashioned by His own hand ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 277). Mina seems to fit the ideal of the Victorian Woman, as a virtuous, devout, almost asexual individual. While she sometimes acts as the quiet organiser of the men, she is generally meek and servile to their wishes, for example, she learns typing and short-hand with the main motive of being of use to her future husband Jonathan. Stoker never reveals anything detailed about Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s physical appearance, and she seems to be an object of adulation rather than desire. Mina acts as more of a mother figure to Jonathan,  ¿Ã‚ ½nursing him through his illness. ¿Ã‚ ½ The motherly-wife and nurtured husband were considered the ideal spouses in Victorian England (Spencer 216). Mina is quite literally the Angel in the House, or the ideal Woman embodied. Yet even the ideal demonstrates vulnerability when forced into an overtly sexual situation. Mina, through no fault of her own, becomes subject to Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s advances, yet seems to take some enjoyment in them despite her horror. During her last encounter with the Count, as he drank from her neck, she admitted that she  ¿Ã‚ ½did not want to hinder him ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 425). This desire for the Count would have been damnable to a Victorian audience, who saw sexual desire rather than sexual activity [as] ¿Ã‚ ½the true source of danger ¿Ã‚ ½ (Spencer 217). Although Mina never makes the full transformation into the aggressive, sexualized female vampire, there are aspects of her character that bend gender expectations a bit. Specifically, Dr. Van Helsing remarks upon her level of intelligence numerous times as being abnormal for a young woman. When Mina tells Van Helsing that she can inform him all about what happened to Lucy, he remarks,  ¿Ã‚ ½Ah, then you have a good memory for facts, for details? It is not always so with young ladies ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 269). He also repeatedly calls her,  ¿Ã‚ ½you so clever woman ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 269). If a learned man such as Van Helsing compliments Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s intelligence, then it might be safe to assume that men did not expected to encounter a woman with such common sense during the Victorian era. As Van Helsing puts it,  ¿Ã‚ ½[Mina] has a man ¿Ã‚ ½s brain ¿Ã‚ ½a brain that a man should have were he much gifted ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 345). To a certain extent, Mina is becoming a modern woman by demonstrating her intelligence and therefore somewhat defying the gender stereotype of women being inferior to men. However, she doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t pose any really threat to the dominant male as she uses her intelligence to help others on a divine mission rather than furthering her own interests, a Victorian audience could perhaps accept this inversion of gender roles. Like Lucy, Mina become contaminated by Dracula and slowly becomes deracinated, growing more like a vampire and less like an Englishwoman. However, before her transformation is complete, Dracula is killed and Mina is re-assimilated into English society with little difficulty, providing a happy ending for the Victorian audience. Both Lucy and Mina are introduced in the novel as embodiments of the Victorian woman ideal, a role of purity and femininity. However, when the women begin to transform into vampires, they are seen to take on traditional male roles, which undoubtedly horrified the Victorian reader. However, neither of these two women are allowed any agency; even through their  ¿Ã‚ ½infidelities ¿Ã‚ ½, they play the passive role, Lucy asleep while blood is pumped from each man into her, and Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s seduction described in terms of  ¿Ã‚ ½forcing a kitten ¿Ã‚ ½s nose into a saucer of milk to compel it to drink ¿Ã‚ ½. It is Dracula, the monstrous, foreign creature that is blamed for the corruption of Lucy and Mina. The role of the Victorian man is clear here, as the vampire hunters act out what they feel is their duty  ¿Ã‚ ½ to rescue their women from the clutches of Dracula and vampirism and return them to holiness. They return their women to their rightful place and re-establish proper roles, by a violent  ¿Ã‚ ½staking ¿Ã‚ ½ Lucy. This metaphorical rape, repeated by Van Helsing with the three Transylvanian vampires,  ¿Ã‚ ½re-establishes normative models of both gender and history ¿Ã‚ ½, imposing male reason on female sexuality, with the women  ¿Ã‚ ½grat eful and passive toward their brave male deliverer ¿Ã‚ ½. In Carmilla, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu takes the tradition male power role and gives it to the women, while Stoker, in Dracula, repossesses the female body for pleasure and exchange and puts the power back in the hands of men. In Carmilla we meet a woman who bears angelic features in her outward appearance only. At first, she seems to be the ideal companion for Laura fulfilling all Victorian claims. The homosocial bond between women served patriarchy to keep women whom they treated rather as objects than as individual beings with a will of their own out of the so-called male business. As the idea of the new woman with their social, political, and sexual freedom was feared in society, Carmilla is feared by Laura ¿Ã‚ ½s father as soon as he notices her dangerous potential. The role of the female vampire identifies and challenges gender roles of women in the Victorian age, as well as symbolise New Women. Carmilla, goes even further in its defiance of the male/female heterosexual norm by featuring a lesbian relationship between its two main characters, only made possibly through the vampirism and supernatural nature of the story. It is through Carmilla and Laura ¿Ã‚ ½s homosexual relationship that they are able to gain freedom from male dominance and a patriarchal society. Besides marriage, becoming a vampire is one of the only ways that female sexuality is licensed in the Victorian era. While Bram Stoker ¿Ã‚ ½s Dracula has laid the foundations for the horror genre of film and literature, it also provides some interesting social commentary about Victorian England. In particular, the female characters and their relationships to the issues of sexuality, gender roles, and nationality are very revealing about the anxieties of the times. In their full and partial transformation into vampires, Lucy and Mina lose their feminine passivity and innocence and are expected to become like the highly sexualised and immoral succubi trio. They go from being sweet and pure Victorian women (female victims) to being  ¿Ã‚ ½languorous[ly] voluptuous ¿Ã‚ ½ and  ¿Ã‚ ½carnal and unspiritual ¿Ã‚ ½ New Women (female vampires). This is precisely the perceived danger represented by the New Woman. However, because Mina is never fully transformed and manages to be restored to her role as a Victorian woman, it can be concluded that Lucy better represents the New Woman archetype as she completes the transition to vampire and in doing so gains sexual and social freedom from the constraints on women in Victorian society.
Friday, January 17, 2020
Relationships and Breakup
* When two parties disclose personal information with each other the consensus is that the two persons will like each other more. (Rowland Miller, 2012) * Disclosure within a relationship is beneficial by raising intimacy, trust and closeness levels between two partners (Dindia & Fitzpatrick, 1985: Duck, 1994a) * Strangers who open up to each admire each other more than couples who reveal less personal information to each other (Slatcher, 2010) * That being said, this shows that there is a very strong bond when disclosing personal information to each other and that it plays a large role when building a relationship. * Social penetration theory (Altman & Taylor,1973) * New relationships have a large breadth of topics discussed, while the depth of the topics is very shallow. Self-disclosure is rare to be found at this level of relationship. Break ups * If a person’s past relationship was broken off early within the relationship, that is the depth of the topics discussed was very shallow and little self-disclosure occurred, than it would be safe to say that within a new relationship they would seek that acceptance and self-disclosure earlier on. They never really got to disclose personal information with their ex, therefore they may pursue that self-disclosure more ambitiously within the new relationship. * If a person’s past relationship was broken off at a later stage where self-disclosure between two partners was a common occurrence the parties may misattribute the separation with rejected disclosed information. Within new relationships it may take longer for them to disclose information with their new partners. Revised Filter Theory New Relationships Hypotheses/Questions we want to ask: * Does the denial of disclosed information from previous relationships have an outcome on newly formed relationships? That is, is it harder to disclose information to new partners? Does it take longer? * If past the past relationships ended early on before self-disclosure could occur. Do people pursue self-disclosure earlier on in the newly formed relationship?
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